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1. resistances to damage resdamage
Equipment‑ and buff‑granted resistance to a given source (like fire
resistance from a ring, or general resistance to damage) is capped at 50%
individually. Racial and skill/spell‑granted resistance are not capped on
their own, and neither are vulnerabilities. All of these are then added
together, and that combined total is what gets capped at 50%.
As an example of two resistances plus a vulnerability, the calculations work
like this: You have 75% resistance to fire from a ring. This gets lowered
to 50% resistance to fire. You also have 60% resistance to damage in
general, also from equipment. This gets lowered to 50% resistance to
damage. Now the two resistances together equal 100%. A vulnerability of
40% to fire is applied, lowering your resistance to 60%. Finally, the total
resistance of 60% is lowered to the max cap of 50%.
Now, an example of a scenario with only resistance to fire: You have 75%
resistance to fire from equipment. This gets lowered to 50% resistance to
fire. You have a vulnerability of 40% to fire, lowering your resistance to
fire to 10%.